syntax error at or near "`"

Laravel app, just moved from MySQL to PostgreSQL. The full message as Laravel shows it:

Why it happens

Backticks are MySQL-only identifier quotes. Laravel's query builder quotes for you, so these come from raw SQL: DB::statement, whereRaw, selectRaw, old migrations.

Fix

Tested on Postgres 17. Backticks next to a comma or keyword can also show up as: syntax error at or near "," or near "from". Search the codebase for ` in .php files.

More fixes like this one, as tested scripts: Laravel Postgres Error Fix Pack ($19).

Several errors at once? Paste your log into the error matcher. Raw SQL with MySQL syntax: the free SQL translator. Not migrated yet: the free schema risk check finds this kind of problem before the switch. Planning the whole move: Migration Kit ($49, $34.30 with LAUNCH30 until Nov 5).

Other errors after MySQL to Postgres

• duplicate key value violates unique constraint "users_pkey"
• column "users.name" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function
• value "3000000000" is out of range for type integer
• operator does not exist: boolean = integer
• operator does not exist: character varying = integer
• date/time field value out of range: "0000-00-00 00:00:00"
• column "a@x.com" does not exist
• function ifnull(text, unknown) does not exist
• invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0x00
• current transaction is aborted, commands ignored until end of transaction block
• (no error) search or login finds nothing: WHERE email LIKE ... returns 0 rows